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José María Sánchez Carrión (born 1952, in Cartagena) is a Spanish linguist, specialised in Basque language, sociolinguistics〔VILLENA PONSODA, Juan Andrés (2006): "The Iberian Peninsula", in AMMON, Ulrich et al. (2006): ''Sociolinguistics: an international handbook of the science of language and society'', Volume 3, 2nd ed., Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, p. 1805. ()〕 and historical linguistics.〔TRASK, Robert Lawrence (1997): ''The history of Basque'', London: Routledge, p. 69. ()〕 He is an associate member of Euskaltzaindia since 1983. Despite being the best known local academic proponent of reversing language shift measures, he has never held a stable university post in the Basque Country.〔GARDNER, Nicholas (2002): ''Basque in education in the Basque Autonomous Community'', Vitoria-Gasteiz: Gobierno Vasco, p. 54. ()〕 Nicknamed Txepetx (wren in Basque language), he is an Anglo-Germanic Philology graduate from the University of Salamanca and Basque Philology doctorate from the University of the Basque Country, he has served as a Spanish teacher in Scotland, scientific English teacher at the University of Granada, Basque teacher in a rural school of Navarre, and professor of modern languages and literature of Secondary Education in the Basque Autonomous Community and elsewhere in Spain. His research on sociolinguistics, the theory of bilingualism and existential linguistics, includes the following works: ''El estado actual del vascuence en la provincia de Navarra (1970)'' (current state of Basque language in Navarre (1970) ) (1972), "Bilingüismo, diglosia y contacto de lenguas" (diglossia, and language contact ) (''ASJU'', 1974), ''Lengua y pueblo'' (and people ) (1980) with articles from 1977 originally published in ''Punto y Hora de Euskal Herria'' magazine, "El marco sociológico y espacial en una situación bilingüe" (sociological and spatial context in a bilingual setting ) (UPV/EHU, 1980), and ''El espacio bilingüe'' (bilingual space ) (1981). Sánchez Carrión's insistence on the necessity of compacting Basque speakers has been often cited by advocates of the territorial principle of linguistic rights. Significantly the only article in the 1982 Basque Autonomous Community Law for the Normalisation of the use of the Basque language based on the territorial principle, was declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Spain.〔GARDNER, Nicholas (2002): ''Basque in education in the Basque Autonomous Community'', Vitoria-Gasteiz: Gobierno Vasco, p. 55. ()〕 Far removed from the variational sociolinguistics as from ideological interpretations, he attempts to answer with new perspectives to the problem of why and how languages live and die. He's been a proponent of ecolinguistics since the mid-eighties of the 20th century.〔SÁNCHEZ CARRIÓN, José María (1985): ''La nueva sociolingüistica y la ecología de las lenguas'', Donostia-San Sebastián: Eusko Ikaskuntza. ()〕 However, his most notorious work is his doctoral thesis ''Un futuro para nuestro pasado'' (future for our past ) (1987), as it has offered to many Basque language loyalists a theoretical framework for their activity.〔URLA, Jacqueline (2008): "Kafe Antzokia: The Global meets the Local in Basque Cultural Politics", in ROSEMAN, Sharon R. & PARKHURST, Shawn S. (2008): ''Recasting Culture and Space in Iberian Contexts'', New York: State University of New York, pp. 259–261. ()〕 Further expanding the sociohistorical linguistics approach of his doctoral thesis, he wrote "Las lenguas vistas desde la historia versus la historia vista desde las lenguas" (seen from the point of view of history versus history seen from the point of view of languages ) (EI-SEV, 1992).〔XI Basque Studies Congress: Donostia 1991. New cultural formulas: The Basque Country and Europe ()〕 In 1999 the Bilbao City Council published Sánchez Carrión's book ''Aplicación sociolingüística de la territorialidad'' (application of territoriality ). Sánchez Carrión's importance for the Basque studies was stressed early on by scholar Koldo Mitxelena,〔SALABURU ETXEBERRIA, Pello (2008): ''Koldo Mitxelena: selected writings of a Basque scholar'', Reno: Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada, p. 75. ()〕 and this acknowledgment has continued thereafter.〔AMORRORTU, Estibaliz (2003): ''Basque sociolinguistics: language, society, and culture'', Reno: University of Nevada Press, pp. 47 & 54. ()〕 〔 YOLDI, Pilar (2011) : ''Euskara'', Donostia-San Sebastián: Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa, Departamento de Cultura y Euskera, p. 132 ()(in Basque, Spanish, French, and English )〕 The Basque association Garabide Elkartea participated in the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues in April 2010,〔United Nations - Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, Ninth Session, 9th & 10th Meetings (AM & PM). ()〕 where it presented the book ''The Basque experience'', which makes extensive use of Sánchez Carrión's sociolinguistics.〔GARABIDE ELKARTEA (2010): ''The Basque experience: some keys to language and identity recovery''. S.l.: s.n., pp. 13, 20, 31, 54, 68, passim. ()〕 In 2013 he published a book about religion and theology entitled ''Le code Jean le Baptiste'' (John the Baptist ) translated into French by Alain Masson.〔''Bibliothèque nationale de France''.()〕 ==Works== * 1972. ''El estado actual del vascuence en la provincia de Navarra (1970): factores de regresión, relaciones de bilingüismo''. Pamplona: Institución Príncipe de Viana. ISBN 978-84-7016-047-9 * 1980. ''Lengua y pueblo''. San Sebastián: Elkar. ISBN 978-84-85485-21-5 * (1981. ''El espacio bilingüe: aspectos etnolingüísticos del bilingüismo y teoría lingüística de los espacios''. Burlada: Sociedad de Estudios Vascos ). ISBN 978-84-300-5151-9 * (1987. ''Un futuro para nuestro pasado: claves de la recuperación del euskara y teoría social de las lenguas''. Estella: Self-published ). ISBN 978-84-398-9781-1 * (1991. ''Un futuro para nuestro pasado: claves de la recuperación del euskara y teoría social de las lenguas'', 2nd ed. San Sebastián: Seminario de Filología Vasca "Julio de Urquijo" ). ISBN 978-84-398-6972-6 * 1999a. ''Aplicación sociolingüística de la territorialidad: márgenes de encuentro, Bilbao y el euskara: sistemas modélicos de interpretación, modelos sistémicos de actuación''. Bilbao: Ayuntamiento de Bilbao. Book was printed with invalid * 1999b. ''Lengua y pueblo'', 2nd ed. Pamplona: Pamiela. ISBN 978-84-7681-314-0 * 2013. ''Le code Jean le Baptiste''. Beaumont-Pied-de-Boeuf: NVA. ISBN 978-2-9526562-2-1 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「José María Sánchez Carrión」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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